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✏️ test_callbacks.py

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import functools
import unittest
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.test import need_symbol
import _ctypes_test

class Callbacks(unittest.TestCase):
    functype = CFUNCTYPE

##    def tearDown(self):
##        import gc
##        gc.collect()

def callback(self, *args):
        self.got_args = args
        return args[-1]

def check_type(self, typ, arg):
        PROTO = self.functype.im_func(typ, typ)
        result = PROTO(self.callback)(arg)
        if typ == c_float:
            self.assertAlmostEqual(result, arg, places=5)
        else:
            self.assertEqual(self.got_args, (arg,))
            self.assertEqual(result, arg)

PROTO = self.functype.im_func(typ, c_byte, typ)
        result = PROTO(self.callback)(-3, arg)
        if typ == c_float:
            self.assertAlmostEqual(result, arg, places=5)
        else:
            self.assertEqual(self.got_args, (-3, arg))
            self.assertEqual(result, arg)

################

def test_byte(self):
        self.check_type(c_byte, 42)
        self.check_type(c_byte, -42)

def test_ubyte(self):
        self.check_type(c_ubyte, 42)

def test_short(self):
        self.check_type(c_short, 42)
        self.check_type(c_short, -42)

def test_ushort(self):
        self.check_type(c_ushort, 42)

def test_int(self):
        self.check_type(c_int, 42)
        self.check_type(c_int, -42)

def test_uint(self):
        self.check_type(c_uint, 42)

def test_long(self):
        self.check_type(c_long, 42)
        self.check_type(c_long, -42)

def test_ulong(self):
        self.check_type(c_ulong, 42)

def test_longlong(self):
        # test some 64-bit values, positive and negative
        self.check_type(c_longlong, 5948291757245277467)
        self.check_type(c_longlong, -5229388909784190580)
        self.check_type(c_longlong, 42)
        self.check_type(c_longlong, -42)

def test_ulonglong(self):
        # test some 64-bit values, with and without msb set.
        self.check_type(c_ulonglong, 10955412242170339782)
        self.check_type(c_ulonglong, 3665885499841167458)
        self.check_type(c_ulonglong, 42)

def test_float(self):
        # only almost equal: double -> float -> double
        import math
        self.check_type(c_float, math.e)
        self.check_type(c_float, -math.e)

def test_double(self):
        self.check_type(c_double, 3.14)
        self.check_type(c_double, -3.14)

def test_longdouble(self):
        self.check_type(c_longdouble, 3.14)
        self.check_type(c_longdouble, -3.14)

def test_char(self):
        self.check_type(c_char, "x")
        self.check_type(c_char, "a")

# disabled: would now (correctly) raise a RuntimeWarning about
    # a memory leak.  A callback function cannot return a non-integral
    # C type without causing a memory leak.
    @unittest.skip('test disabled')
    def test_char_p(self):
        self.check_type(c_char_p, "abc")
        self.check_type(c_char_p, "def")

def test_pyobject(self):
        o = ()
        from sys import getrefcount as grc
        for o in (), [], object():
            initial = grc(o)
            # This call leaks a reference to 'o'...
            self.check_type(py_object, o)
            before = grc(o)
            # ...but this call doesn't leak any more.  Where is the refcount?
            self.check_type(py_object, o)
            after = grc(o)
            self.assertEqual((after, o), (before, o))

def test_unsupported_restype_1(self):
        # Only "fundamental" result types are supported for callback
        # functions, the type must have a non-NULL stgdict->setfunc.
        # POINTER(c_double), for example, is not supported.

prototype = self.functype.im_func(POINTER(c_double))
        # The type is checked when the prototype is called
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, prototype, lambda: None)

def test_unsupported_restype_2(self):
        prototype = self.functype.im_func(object)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, prototype, lambda: None)

def test_issue_7959(self):
        proto = self.functype.im_func(None)

class X(object):
            def func(self): pass
            def __init__(self):
                self.v = proto(self.func)

import gc
        for i in range(32):
            X()
        gc.collect()
        live = [x for x in gc.get_objects()
                if isinstance(x, X)]
        self.assertEqual(len(live), 0)

def test_issue12483(self):
        import gc
        class Nasty:
            def __del__(self):
                gc.collect()
        CFUNCTYPE(None)(lambda x=Nasty(): None)

@need_symbol('WINFUNCTYPE')
class StdcallCallbacks(Callbacks):
    try:
        functype = WINFUNCTYPE
    except NameError:
        pass

################################################################

class SampleCallbacksTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

def test_integrate(self):
        # Derived from some then non-working code, posted by David Foster
        dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)

# The function prototype called by 'integrate': double func(double);
        CALLBACK = CFUNCTYPE(c_double, c_double)

# The integrate function itself, exposed from the _ctypes_test dll
        integrate = dll.integrate
        integrate.argtypes = (c_double, c_double, CALLBACK, c_long)
        integrate.restype = c_double

def func(x):
            return x**2

result = integrate(0.0, 1.0, CALLBACK(func), 10)
        diff = abs(result - 1./3.)

self.assertLess(diff, 0.01, "%s not less than 0.01" % diff)

def test_issue_8959_a(self):
        from ctypes.util import find_library
        libc_path = find_library("c")
        if not libc_path:
            self.skipTest('could not find libc')
        libc = CDLL(libc_path)

@CFUNCTYPE(c_int, POINTER(c_int), POINTER(c_int))
        def cmp_func(a, b):
            return a[0] - b[0]

array = (c_int * 5)(5, 1, 99, 7, 33)

libc.qsort(array, len(array), sizeof(c_int), cmp_func)
        self.assertEqual(array[:], [1, 5, 7, 33, 99])

@need_symbol('WINFUNCTYPE')
    def test_issue_8959_b(self):
        from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL, HWND, LPARAM
        global windowCount
        windowCount = 0

@WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL, HWND, LPARAM)
        def EnumWindowsCallbackFunc(hwnd, lParam):
            global windowCount
            windowCount += 1
            return True #Allow windows to keep enumerating

windll.user32.EnumWindows(EnumWindowsCallbackFunc, 0)

def test_callback_register_int(self):
        # Issue #8275: buggy handling of callback args under Win64
        # NOTE: should be run on release builds as well
        dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
        CALLBACK = CFUNCTYPE(c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int)
        # All this function does is call the callback with its args squared
        func = dll._testfunc_cbk_reg_int
        func.argtypes = (c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, CALLBACK)
        func.restype = c_int

def callback(a, b, c, d, e):
            return a + b + c + d + e

result = func(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, CALLBACK(callback))
        self.assertEqual(result, callback(2*2, 3*3, 4*4, 5*5, 6*6))

def test_callback_register_double(self):
        # Issue #8275: buggy handling of callback args under Win64
        # NOTE: should be run on release builds as well
        dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
        CALLBACK = CFUNCTYPE(c_double, c_double, c_double, c_double,
                             c_double, c_double)
        # All this function does is call the callback with its args squared
        func = dll._testfunc_cbk_reg_double
        func.argtypes = (c_double, c_double, c_double,
                         c_double, c_double, CALLBACK)
        func.restype = c_double

def callback(a, b, c, d, e):
            return a + b + c + d + e

result = func(1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, CALLBACK(callback))
        self.assertEqual(result,
                         callback(1.1*1.1, 2.2*2.2, 3.3*3.3, 4.4*4.4, 5.5*5.5))

def test_callback_large_struct(self):
        class Check: pass

# This should mirror the structure in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
        class X(Structure):
            _fields_ = [
                ('first', c_ulong),
                ('second', c_ulong),
                ('third', c_ulong),
            ]

def callback(check, s):
            check.first = s.first
            check.second = s.second
            check.third = s.third
            # See issue #29565.
            # The structure should be passed by value, so
            # any changes to it should not be reflected in
            # the value passed
            s.first = s.second = s.third = 0x0badf00d

check = Check()
        s = X()
        s.first = 0xdeadbeef
        s.second = 0xcafebabe
        s.third = 0x0bad1dea

CALLBACK = CFUNCTYPE(None, X)
        dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
        func = dll._testfunc_cbk_large_struct
        func.argtypes = (X, CALLBACK)
        func.restype = None
        # the function just calls the callback with the passed structure
        func(s, CALLBACK(functools.partial(callback, check)))
        self.assertEqual(check.first, s.first)
        self.assertEqual(check.second, s.second)
        self.assertEqual(check.third, s.third)
        self.assertEqual(check.first, 0xdeadbeef)
        self.assertEqual(check.second, 0xcafebabe)
        self.assertEqual(check.third, 0x0bad1dea)
        # See issue #29565.
        # Ensure that the original struct is unchanged.
        self.assertEqual(s.first, check.first)
        self.assertEqual(s.second, check.second)
        self.assertEqual(s.third, check.third)

################################################################

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

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✏️ test_callbacks.py