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✏️ test_functools.py

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import copy
import functools
import sys
import unittest
from test import test_support
from weakref import proxy
import pickle

@staticmethod
def PythonPartial(func, *args, **keywords):
    'Pure Python approximation of partial()'
    def newfunc(*fargs, **fkeywords):
        newkeywords = keywords.copy()
        newkeywords.update(fkeywords)
        return func(*(args + fargs), **newkeywords)
    newfunc.func = func
    newfunc.args = args
    newfunc.keywords = keywords
    return newfunc

def capture(*args, **kw):
    """capture all positional and keyword arguments"""
    return args, kw

def signature(part):
    """ return the signature of a partial object """
    return (part.func, part.args, part.keywords, part.__dict__)

class MyTuple(tuple):
    pass

class BadTuple(tuple):
    def __add__(self, other):
        return list(self) + list(other)

class MyDict(dict):
    pass

class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):

partial = functools.partial

def test_basic_examples(self):
        p = self.partial(capture, 1, 2, a=10, b=20)
        self.assertEqual(p(3, 4, b=30, c=40),
                         ((1, 2, 3, 4), dict(a=10, b=30, c=40)))
        p = self.partial(map, lambda x: x*10)
        self.assertEqual(p([1,2,3,4]), [10, 20, 30, 40])

def test_attributes(self):
        p = self.partial(capture, 1, 2, a=10, b=20)
        # attributes should be readable
        self.assertEqual(p.func, capture)
        self.assertEqual(p.args, (1, 2))
        self.assertEqual(p.keywords, dict(a=10, b=20))
        # attributes should not be writable
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, p, 'func', map)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, p, 'args', (1, 2))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, p, 'keywords', dict(a=1, b=2))

p = self.partial(hex)
        try:
            del p.__dict__
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail('partial object allowed __dict__ to be deleted')

def test_argument_checking(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.partial)     # need at least a func arg
        try:
            self.partial(2)()
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail('First arg not checked for callability')

def test_protection_of_callers_dict_argument(self):
        # a caller's dictionary should not be altered by partial
        def func(a=10, b=20):
            return a
        d = {'a':3}
        p = self.partial(func, a=5)
        self.assertEqual(p(**d), 3)
        self.assertEqual(d, {'a':3})
        p(b=7)
        self.assertEqual(d, {'a':3})

def test_arg_combinations(self):
        # exercise special code paths for zero args in either partial
        # object or the caller
        p = self.partial(capture)
        self.assertEqual(p(), ((), {}))
        self.assertEqual(p(1,2), ((1,2), {}))
        p = self.partial(capture, 1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(p(), ((1,2), {}))
        self.assertEqual(p(3,4), ((1,2,3,4), {}))

def test_kw_combinations(self):
        # exercise special code paths for no keyword args in
        # either the partial object or the caller
        p = self.partial(capture)
        self.assertEqual(p.keywords, {})
        self.assertEqual(p(), ((), {}))
        self.assertEqual(p(a=1), ((), {'a':1}))
        p = self.partial(capture, a=1)
        self.assertEqual(p.keywords, {'a':1})
        self.assertEqual(p(), ((), {'a':1}))
        self.assertEqual(p(b=2), ((), {'a':1, 'b':2}))
        # keyword args in the call override those in the partial object
        self.assertEqual(p(a=3, b=2), ((), {'a':3, 'b':2}))

def test_positional(self):
        # make sure positional arguments are captured correctly
        for args in [(), (0,), (0,1), (0,1,2), (0,1,2,3)]:
            p = self.partial(capture, *args)
            expected = args + ('x',)
            got, empty = p('x')
            self.assertTrue(expected == got and empty == {})

def test_keyword(self):
        # make sure keyword arguments are captured correctly
        for a in ['a', 0, None, 3.5]:
            p = self.partial(capture, a=a)
            expected = {'a':a,'x':None}
            empty, got = p(x=None)
            self.assertTrue(expected == got and empty == ())

def test_no_side_effects(self):
        # make sure there are no side effects that affect subsequent calls
        p = self.partial(capture, 0, a=1)
        args1, kw1 = p(1, b=2)
        self.assertTrue(args1 == (0,1) and kw1 == {'a':1,'b':2})
        args2, kw2 = p()
        self.assertTrue(args2 == (0,) and kw2 == {'a':1})

def test_error_propagation(self):
        def f(x, y):
            x // y
        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.partial(f, 1, 0))
        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.partial(f, 1), 0)
        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.partial(f), 1, 0)
        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.partial(f, y=0), 1)

def test_weakref(self):
        f = self.partial(int, base=16)
        p = proxy(f)
        self.assertEqual(f.func, p.func)
        f = None
        self.assertRaises(ReferenceError, getattr, p, 'func')

def test_with_bound_and_unbound_methods(self):
        data = map(str, range(10))
        join = self.partial(str.join, '')
        self.assertEqual(join(data), '0123456789')
        join = self.partial(''.join)
        self.assertEqual(join(data), '0123456789')

def test_pickle(self):
        f = self.partial(signature, ['asdf'], bar=[True])
        f.attr = []
        for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
            f_copy = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(f, proto))
            self.assertEqual(signature(f_copy), signature(f))

def test_copy(self):
        f = self.partial(signature, ['asdf'], bar=[True])
        f.attr = []
        f_copy = copy.copy(f)
        self.assertEqual(signature(f_copy), signature(f))
        self.assertIs(f_copy.attr, f.attr)
        self.assertIs(f_copy.args, f.args)
        self.assertIs(f_copy.keywords, f.keywords)

def test_deepcopy(self):
        f = self.partial(signature, ['asdf'], bar=[True])
        f.attr = []
        f_copy = copy.deepcopy(f)
        self.assertEqual(signature(f_copy), signature(f))
        self.assertIsNot(f_copy.attr, f.attr)
        self.assertIsNot(f_copy.args, f.args)
        self.assertIsNot(f_copy.args[0], f.args[0])
        self.assertIsNot(f_copy.keywords, f.keywords)
        self.assertIsNot(f_copy.keywords['bar'], f.keywords['bar'])

def test_setstate(self):
        f = self.partial(signature)
        f.__setstate__((capture, (1,), dict(a=10), dict(attr=[])))
        self.assertEqual(signature(f),
                         (capture, (1,), dict(a=10), dict(attr=[])))
        self.assertEqual(f(2, b=20), ((1, 2), {'a': 10, 'b': 20}))

f.__setstate__((capture, (1,), dict(a=10), None))
        self.assertEqual(signature(f), (capture, (1,), dict(a=10), {}))
        self.assertEqual(f(2, b=20), ((1, 2), {'a': 10, 'b': 20}))

f.__setstate__((capture, (1,), None, None))
        #self.assertEqual(signature(f), (capture, (1,), {}, {}))
        self.assertEqual(f(2, b=20), ((1, 2), {'b': 20}))
        self.assertEqual(f(2), ((1, 2), {}))
        self.assertEqual(f(), ((1,), {}))

f.__setstate__((capture, (), {}, None))
        self.assertEqual(signature(f), (capture, (), {}, {}))
        self.assertEqual(f(2, b=20), ((2,), {'b': 20}))
        self.assertEqual(f(2), ((2,), {}))
        self.assertEqual(f(), ((), {}))

def test_setstate_errors(self):
        f = self.partial(signature)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, (capture, (), {}))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, (capture, (), {}, {}, None))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, [capture, (), {}, None])
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, (None, (), {}, None))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, (capture, None, {}, None))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, (capture, [], {}, None))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, (capture, (), [], None))

def test_setstate_subclasses(self):
        f = self.partial(signature)
        f.__setstate__((capture, MyTuple((1,)), MyDict(a=10), None))
        s = signature(f)
        self.assertEqual(s, (capture, (1,), dict(a=10), {}))
        self.assertIs(type(s[1]), tuple)
        self.assertIs(type(s[2]), dict)
        r = f()
        self.assertEqual(r, ((1,), {'a': 10}))
        self.assertIs(type(r[0]), tuple)
        self.assertIs(type(r[1]), dict)

f.__setstate__((capture, BadTuple((1,)), {}, None))
        s = signature(f)
        self.assertEqual(s, (capture, (1,), {}, {}))
        self.assertIs(type(s[1]), tuple)
        r = f(2)
        self.assertEqual(r, ((1, 2), {}))
        self.assertIs(type(r[0]), tuple)

def test_recursive_pickle(self):
        f = self.partial(capture)
        f.__setstate__((f, (), {}, {}))
        try:
            for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
                with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
                    pickle.dumps(f, proto)
        finally:
            f.__setstate__((capture, (), {}, {}))

f = self.partial(capture)
        f.__setstate__((capture, (f,), {}, {}))
        try:
            for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
                f_copy = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(f, proto))
                try:
                    self.assertIs(f_copy.args[0], f_copy)
                finally:
                    f_copy.__setstate__((capture, (), {}, {}))
        finally:
            f.__setstate__((capture, (), {}, {}))

f = self.partial(capture)
        f.__setstate__((capture, (), {'a': f}, {}))
        try:
            for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
                f_copy = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(f, proto))
                try:
                    self.assertIs(f_copy.keywords['a'], f_copy)
                finally:
                    f_copy.__setstate__((capture, (), {}, {}))
        finally:
            f.__setstate__((capture, (), {}, {}))

# Issue 6083: Reference counting bug
    def test_setstate_refcount(self):
        class BadSequence:
            def __len__(self):
                return 4
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                if key == 0:
                    return max
                elif key == 1:
                    return tuple(range(1000000))
                elif key in (2, 3):
                    return {}
                raise IndexError

f = self.partial(object)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, BadSequence())

class PartialSubclass(functools.partial):
    pass

class TestPartialSubclass(TestPartial):

partial = PartialSubclass

class TestPythonPartial(TestPartial):

partial = PythonPartial

# the python version isn't picklable
    test_pickle = None
    test_setstate = None
    test_setstate_errors = None
    test_setstate_subclasses = None
    test_setstate_refcount = None
    test_recursive_pickle = None

# the python version isn't deepcopyable
    test_deepcopy = None

# the python version isn't a type
    test_attributes = None

class TestUpdateWrapper(unittest.TestCase):

def check_wrapper(self, wrapper, wrapped,
                      assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
                      updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
        # Check attributes were assigned
        for name in assigned:
            self.assertTrue(getattr(wrapper, name) is getattr(wrapped, name))
        # Check attributes were updated
        for name in updated:
            wrapper_attr = getattr(wrapper, name)
            wrapped_attr = getattr(wrapped, name)
            for key in wrapped_attr:
                self.assertTrue(wrapped_attr[key] is wrapper_attr[key])

def _default_update(self):
        def f():
            """This is a test"""
            pass
        f.attr = 'This is also a test'
        def wrapper():
            pass
        functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, f)
        return wrapper, f

def test_default_update(self):
        wrapper, f = self._default_update()
        self.check_wrapper(wrapper, f)
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, 'f')
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.attr, 'This is also a test')

@unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
    def test_default_update_doc(self):
        wrapper, f = self._default_update()
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, 'This is a test')

def test_no_update(self):
        def f():
            """This is a test"""
            pass
        f.attr = 'This is also a test'
        def wrapper():
            pass
        functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, f, (), ())
        self.check_wrapper(wrapper, f, (), ())
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, 'wrapper')
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, None)
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(wrapper, 'attr'))

def test_selective_update(self):
        def f():
            pass
        f.attr = 'This is a different test'
        f.dict_attr = dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)
        def wrapper():
            pass
        wrapper.dict_attr = {}
        assign = ('attr',)
        update = ('dict_attr',)
        functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, f, assign, update)
        self.check_wrapper(wrapper, f, assign, update)
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, 'wrapper')
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, None)
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.attr, 'This is a different test')
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.dict_attr, f.dict_attr)

@test_support.requires_docstrings
    def test_builtin_update(self):
        # Test for bug #1576241
        def wrapper():
            pass
        functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, max)
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, 'max')
        self.assertTrue(wrapper.__doc__.startswith('max('))

class TestWraps(TestUpdateWrapper):

def _default_update(self):
        def f():
            """This is a test"""
            pass
        f.attr = 'This is also a test'
        @functools.wraps(f)
        def wrapper():
            pass
        self.check_wrapper(wrapper, f)
        return wrapper

def test_default_update(self):
        wrapper = self._default_update()
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, 'f')
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.attr, 'This is also a test')

@unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
    def test_default_update_doc(self):
        wrapper = self._default_update()
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, 'This is a test')

def test_no_update(self):
        def f():
            """This is a test"""
            pass
        f.attr = 'This is also a test'
        @functools.wraps(f, (), ())
        def wrapper():
            pass
        self.check_wrapper(wrapper, f, (), ())
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, 'wrapper')
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, None)
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(wrapper, 'attr'))

def test_selective_update(self):
        def f():
            pass
        f.attr = 'This is a different test'
        f.dict_attr = dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)
        def add_dict_attr(f):
            f.dict_attr = {}
            return f
        assign = ('attr',)
        update = ('dict_attr',)
        @functools.wraps(f, assign, update)
        @add_dict_attr
        def wrapper():
            pass
        self.check_wrapper(wrapper, f, assign, update)
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, 'wrapper')
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, None)
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.attr, 'This is a different test')
        self.assertEqual(wrapper.dict_attr, f.dict_attr)

class TestReduce(unittest.TestCase):

def test_reduce(self):
        class Squares:

def __init__(self, max):
                self.max = max
                self.sofar = []

def __len__(self): return len(self.sofar)

def __getitem__(self, i):
                if not 0 <= i < self.max: raise IndexError
                n = len(self.sofar)
                while n <= i:
                    self.sofar.append(n*n)
                    n += 1
                return self.sofar[i]

reduce = functools.reduce
        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, ['a', 'b', 'c'], ''), 'abc')
        self.assertEqual(
            reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [['a', 'c'], [], ['d', 'w']], []),
            ['a','c','d','w']
        )
        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(2,8), 1), 5040)
        self.assertEqual(
            reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(2,21), 1L),
            2432902008176640000L
        )
        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, Squares(10)), 285)
        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, Squares(10), 0), 285)
        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, Squares(0), 0), 0)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, 42)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, 42, 42)
        self.assertEqual(reduce(42, "1"), "1") # func is never called with one item
        self.assertEqual(reduce(42, "", "1"), "1") # func is never called with one item
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, (42, 42))

class TestCmpToKey(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_cmp_to_key(self):
        def mycmp(x, y):
            return y - x
        self.assertEqual(sorted(range(5), key=functools.cmp_to_key(mycmp)),
                         [4, 3, 2, 1, 0])

def test_hash(self):
        def mycmp(x, y):
            return y - x
        key = functools.cmp_to_key(mycmp)
        k = key(10)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash(k))

class TestTotalOrdering(unittest.TestCase):

def test_total_ordering_lt(self):
        @functools.total_ordering
        class A:
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __lt__(self, other):
                return self.value < other.value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.value == other.value
        self.assertTrue(A(1) < A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) > A(1))
        self.assertTrue(A(1) <= A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(1))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) <= A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(2))

def test_total_ordering_le(self):
        @functools.total_ordering
        class A:
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __le__(self, other):
                return self.value <= other.value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.value == other.value
        self.assertTrue(A(1) < A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) > A(1))
        self.assertTrue(A(1) <= A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(1))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) <= A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(2))

def test_total_ordering_gt(self):
        @functools.total_ordering
        class A:
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __gt__(self, other):
                return self.value > other.value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.value == other.value
        self.assertTrue(A(1) < A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) > A(1))
        self.assertTrue(A(1) <= A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(1))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) <= A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(2))

def test_total_ordering_ge(self):
        @functools.total_ordering
        class A:
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __ge__(self, other):
                return self.value >= other.value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.value == other.value
        self.assertTrue(A(1) < A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) > A(1))
        self.assertTrue(A(1) <= A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(1))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) <= A(2))
        self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(2))

def test_total_ordering_no_overwrite(self):
        # new methods should not overwrite existing
        @functools.total_ordering
        class A(str):
            pass
        self.assertTrue(A("a") < A("b"))
        self.assertTrue(A("b") > A("a"))
        self.assertTrue(A("a") <= A("b"))
        self.assertTrue(A("b") >= A("a"))
        self.assertTrue(A("b") <= A("b"))
        self.assertTrue(A("b") >= A("b"))

def test_no_operations_defined(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            @functools.total_ordering
            class A:
                pass

def test_bug_10042(self):
        @functools.total_ordering
        class TestTO:
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                if isinstance(other, TestTO):
                    return self.value == other.value
                return False
            def __lt__(self, other):
                if isinstance(other, TestTO):
                    return self.value < other.value
                raise TypeError
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            TestTO(8) <= ()

def test_bug_25732(self):
        @functools.total_ordering
        class A:
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __gt__(self, other):
                return self.value > other.value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.value == other.value
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self.value)
        self.assertTrue(A(1) != A(2))
        self.assertFalse(A(1) != A(1))

@functools.total_ordering
        class A(object):
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __gt__(self, other):
                return self.value > other.value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.value == other.value
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self.value)
        self.assertTrue(A(1) != A(2))
        self.assertFalse(A(1) != A(1))

@functools.total_ordering
        class A:
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __gt__(self, other):
                return self.value > other.value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.value == other.value
            def __ne__(self, other):
                raise RuntimeError(self, other)
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self.value)
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            A(1) != A(2)
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            A(1) != A(1)

@functools.total_ordering
        class A(object):
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
            def __gt__(self, other):
                return self.value > other.value
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.value == other.value
            def __ne__(self, other):
                raise RuntimeError(self, other)
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self.value)
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            A(1) != A(2)
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            A(1) != A(1)

def test_main(verbose=None):
    test_classes = (
        TestPartial,
        TestPartialSubclass,
        TestPythonPartial,
        TestUpdateWrapper,
        TestTotalOrdering,
        TestWraps,
        TestReduce,
    )
    test_support.run_unittest(*test_classes)

# verify reference counting
    if verbose and hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount"):
        import gc
        counts = [None] * 5
        for i in xrange(len(counts)):
            test_support.run_unittest(*test_classes)
            gc.collect()
            counts[i] = sys.gettotalrefcount()
        print counts

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_main(verbose=True)

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✏️ test_functools.py