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import unittest
from test import test_support

import UserDict, random, string
import gc, weakref
import sys

class DictTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_constructor(self):
        # calling built-in types without argument must return empty
        self.assertEqual(dict(), {})
        self.assertIsNot(dict(), {})

def test_literal_constructor(self):
        # check literal constructor for different sized dicts
        # (to exercise the BUILD_MAP oparg).
        for n in (0, 1, 6, 256, 400):
            items = [(''.join(random.sample(string.letters, 8)), i)
                     for i in range(n)]
            random.shuffle(items)
            formatted_items = ('{!r}: {:d}'.format(k, v) for k, v in items)
            dictliteral = '{' + ', '.join(formatted_items) + '}'
            self.assertEqual(eval(dictliteral), dict(items))

def test_bool(self):
        self.assertIs(not {}, True)
        self.assertTrue({1: 2})
        self.assertIs(bool({}), False)
        self.assertIs(bool({1: 2}), True)

def test_keys(self):
        d = {}
        self.assertEqual(d.keys(), [])
        d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
        k = d.keys()
        self.assertEqual(set(k), {'a', 'b'})
        self.assertIn('a', k)
        self.assertIn('b', k)
        self.assertTrue(d.has_key('a'))
        self.assertTrue(d.has_key('b'))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.keys, None)

def test_values(self):
        d = {}
        self.assertEqual(d.values(), [])
        d = {1:2}
        self.assertEqual(d.values(), [2])

self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.values, None)

def test_items(self):
        d = {}
        self.assertEqual(d.items(), [])

d = {1:2}
        self.assertEqual(d.items(), [(1, 2)])

self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.items, None)

def test_has_key(self):
        d = {}
        self.assertFalse(d.has_key('a'))
        d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
        k = d.keys()
        k.sort()
        self.assertEqual(k, ['a', 'b'])

self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.has_key)

def test_contains(self):
        d = {}
        self.assertNotIn('a', d)
        self.assertFalse('a' in d)
        self.assertTrue('a' not in d)
        d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
        self.assertIn('a', d)
        self.assertIn('b', d)
        self.assertNotIn('c', d)

self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__contains__)

def test_len(self):
        d = {}
        self.assertEqual(len(d), 0)
        d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
        self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)

def test_getitem(self):
        d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
        self.assertEqual(d['a'], 1)
        self.assertEqual(d['b'], 2)
        d['c'] = 3
        d['a'] = 4
        self.assertEqual(d['c'], 3)
        self.assertEqual(d['a'], 4)
        del d['b']
        self.assertEqual(d, {'a': 4, 'c': 3})

self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__getitem__)

class BadEq(object):
            def __eq__(self, other):
                raise Exc()
            def __hash__(self):
                return 24

d = {}
        d[BadEq()] = 42
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.__getitem__, 23)

class Exc(Exception): pass

class BadHash(object):
            fail = False
            def __hash__(self):
                if self.fail:
                    raise Exc()
                else:
                    return 42

x = BadHash()
        d[x] = 42
        x.fail = True
        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.__getitem__, x)

def test_clear(self):
        d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
        d.clear()
        self.assertEqual(d, {})

self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.clear, None)

def test_update(self):
        d = {}
        d.update({1:100})
        d.update({2:20})
        d.update({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
        self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})

d.update()
        self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})

self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), d.update, None)

class SimpleUserDict:
            def __init__(self):
                self.d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
            def keys(self):
                return self.d.keys()
            def __getitem__(self, i):
                return self.d[i]
        d.clear()
        d.update(SimpleUserDict())
        self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})

class Exc(Exception): pass

d.clear()
        class FailingUserDict:
            def keys(self):
                raise Exc
        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())

class FailingUserDict:
            def keys(self):
                class BogonIter:
                    def __init__(self):
                        self.i = 1
                    def __iter__(self):
                        return self
                    def next(self):
                        if self.i:
                            self.i = 0
                            return 'a'
                        raise Exc
                return BogonIter()
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return key
        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())

class FailingUserDict:
            def keys(self):
                class BogonIter:
                    def __init__(self):
                        self.i = ord('a')
                    def __iter__(self):
                        return self
                    def next(self):
                        if self.i <= ord('z'):
                            rtn = chr(self.i)
                            self.i += 1
                            return rtn
                        raise StopIteration
                return BogonIter()
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                raise Exc
        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())

class badseq(object):
            def __iter__(self):
                return self
            def next(self):
                raise Exc()

self.assertRaises(Exc, {}.update, badseq())

self.assertRaises(ValueError, {}.update, [(1, 2, 3)])

def test_fromkeys(self):
        self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None})
        d = {}
        self.assertIsNot(d.fromkeys('abc'), d)
        self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None})
        self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys((4,5),0), {4:0, 5:0})
        self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys([]), {})
        def g():
            yield 1
        self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys(g()), {1:None})
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, {}.fromkeys, 3)
        class dictlike(dict): pass
        self.assertEqual(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), {'a':None})
        self.assertEqual(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), {'a':None})
        self.assertIsInstance(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), dictlike)
        self.assertIsInstance(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), dictlike)
        class mydict(dict):
            def __new__(cls):
                return UserDict.UserDict()
        ud = mydict.fromkeys('ab')
        self.assertEqual(ud, {'a':None, 'b':None})
        self.assertIsInstance(ud, UserDict.UserDict)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dict.fromkeys)

class Exc(Exception): pass

class baddict1(dict):
            def __init__(self):
                raise Exc()

self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict1.fromkeys, [1])

class BadSeq(object):
            def __iter__(self):
                return self
            def next(self):
                raise Exc()

self.assertRaises(Exc, dict.fromkeys, BadSeq())

class baddict2(dict):
            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
                raise Exc()

self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict2.fromkeys, [1])

# test fast path for dictionary inputs
        d = dict(zip(range(6), range(6)))
        self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys(d, 0), dict(zip(range(6), [0]*6)))

class baddict3(dict):
            def __new__(cls):
                return d
        d = {i : i for i in range(10)}
        res = d.copy()
        res.update(a=None, b=None, c=None)
        self.assertEqual(baddict3.fromkeys({"a", "b", "c"}), res)

def test_copy(self):
        d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
        self.assertEqual(d.copy(), {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
        self.assertEqual({}.copy(), {})
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.copy, None)

def test_get(self):
        d = {}
        self.assertIs(d.get('c'), None)
        self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3)
        d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
        self.assertIs(d.get('c'), None)
        self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3)
        self.assertEqual(d.get('a'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(d.get('a', 3), 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get, None, None, None)

def test_setdefault(self):
        # dict.setdefault()
        d = {}
        self.assertIs(d.setdefault('key0'), None)
        d.setdefault('key0', [])
        self.assertIs(d.setdefault('key0'), None)
        d.setdefault('key', []).append(3)
        self.assertEqual(d['key'][0], 3)
        d.setdefault('key', []).append(4)
        self.assertEqual(len(d['key']), 2)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.setdefault)

class Exc(Exception): pass

class BadHash(object):
            fail = False
            def __hash__(self):
                if self.fail:
                    raise Exc()
                else:
                    return 42

x = BadHash()
        d[x] = 42
        x.fail = True
        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.setdefault, x, [])

def test_setdefault_atomic(self):
        # Issue #13521: setdefault() calls __hash__ and __eq__ only once.
        class Hashed(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.hash_count = 0
                self.eq_count = 0
            def __hash__(self):
                self.hash_count += 1
                return 42
            def __eq__(self, other):
                self.eq_count += 1
                return id(self) == id(other)
        hashed1 = Hashed()
        y = {hashed1: 5}
        hashed2 = Hashed()
        y.setdefault(hashed2, [])
        self.assertEqual(hashed1.hash_count, 1)
        self.assertEqual(hashed2.hash_count, 1)
        self.assertEqual(hashed1.eq_count + hashed2.eq_count, 1)

def test_popitem(self):
        # dict.popitem()
        for copymode in -1, +1:
            # -1: b has same structure as a
            # +1: b is a.copy()
            for log2size in range(12):
                size = 2**log2size
                a = {}
                b = {}
                for i in range(size):
                    a[repr(i)] = i
                    if copymode < 0:
                        b[repr(i)] = i
                if copymode > 0:
                    b = a.copy()
                for i in range(size):
                    ka, va = ta = a.popitem()
                    self.assertEqual(va, int(ka))
                    kb, vb = tb = b.popitem()
                    self.assertEqual(vb, int(kb))
                    self.assertFalse(copymode < 0 and ta != tb)
                self.assertFalse(a)
                self.assertFalse(b)

d = {}
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.popitem)

def test_pop(self):
        # Tests for pop with specified key
        d = {}
        k, v = 'abc', 'def'
        d[k] = v
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, 'ghi')

self.assertEqual(d.pop(k), v)
        self.assertEqual(len(d), 0)

self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, k)

# verify longs/ints get same value when key > 32 bits
        # (for 64-bit archs).  See SF bug #689659.
        x = 4503599627370496L
        y = 4503599627370496
        h = {x: 'anything', y: 'something else'}
        self.assertEqual(h[x], h[y])

self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, v), v)
        d[k] = v
        self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, 1), v)

self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.pop)

class Exc(Exception): pass

class BadHash(object):
            fail = False
            def __hash__(self):
                if self.fail:
                    raise Exc()
                else:
                    return 42

x = BadHash()
        d[x] = 42
        x.fail = True
        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.pop, x)

def test_mutatingiteration(self):
        # changing dict size during iteration
        d = {}
        d[1] = 1
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            for i in d:
                d[i+1] = 1

def test_repr(self):
        d = {}
        self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{}')
        d[1] = 2
        self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: 2}')
        d = {}
        d[1] = d
        self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: {...}}')

class Exc(Exception): pass

class BadRepr(object):
            def __repr__(self):
                raise Exc()

d = {1: BadRepr()}
        self.assertRaises(Exc, repr, d)

def test_repr_deep(self):
        d = {}
        for i in range(sys.getrecursionlimit() + 100):
            d = {1: d}
        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, repr, d)

def test_le(self):
        self.assertFalse({} < {})
        self.assertFalse({1: 2} < {1L: 2L})

class Exc(Exception): pass

class BadCmp(object):
            def __eq__(self, other):
                raise Exc()
            def __hash__(self):
                return 42

d1 = {BadCmp(): 1}
        d2 = {1: 1}

with self.assertRaises(Exc):
            d1 < d2

def test_missing(self):
        # Make sure dict doesn't have a __missing__ method
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(dict, "__missing__"))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr({}, "__missing__"))
        # Test several cases:
        # (D) subclass defines __missing__ method returning a value
        # (E) subclass defines __missing__ method raising RuntimeError
        # (F) subclass sets __missing__ instance variable (no effect)
        # (G) subclass doesn't define __missing__ at all
        class D(dict):
            def __missing__(self, key):
                return 42
        d = D({1: 2, 3: 4})
        self.assertEqual(d[1], 2)
        self.assertEqual(d[3], 4)
        self.assertNotIn(2, d)
        self.assertNotIn(2, d.keys())
        self.assertEqual(d[2], 42)

class E(dict):
            def __missing__(self, key):
                raise RuntimeError(key)
        e = E()
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as c:
            e[42]
        self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))

class F(dict):
            def __init__(self):
                # An instance variable __missing__ should have no effect
                self.__missing__ = lambda key: None
        f = F()
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
            f[42]
        self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))

class G(dict):
            pass
        g = G()
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
            g[42]
        self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))

def test_tuple_keyerror(self):
        # SF #1576657
        d = {}
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
            d[(1,)]
        self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, ((1,),))

def test_bad_key(self):
        # Dictionary lookups should fail if __cmp__() raises an exception.
        class CustomException(Exception):
            pass

class BadDictKey:
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self.__class__)

def __cmp__(self, other):
                if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
                    raise CustomException
                return other

d = {}
        x1 = BadDictKey()
        x2 = BadDictKey()
        d[x1] = 1
        for stmt in ['d[x2] = 2',
                     'z = d[x2]',
                     'x2 in d',
                     'd.has_key(x2)',
                     'd.get(x2)',
                     'd.setdefault(x2, 42)',
                     'd.pop(x2)',
                     'd.update({x2: 2})']:
            with self.assertRaises(CustomException):
                exec stmt in locals()

def test_resize1(self):
        # Dict resizing bug, found by Jack Jansen in 2.2 CVS development.
        # This version got an assert failure in debug build, infinite loop in
        # release build.  Unfortunately, provoking this kind of stuff requires
        # a mix of inserts and deletes hitting exactly the right hash codes in
        # exactly the right order, and I can't think of a randomized approach
        # that would be *likely* to hit a failing case in reasonable time.

d = {}
        for i in range(5):
            d[i] = i
        for i in range(5):
            del d[i]
        for i in range(5, 9):  # i==8 was the problem
            d[i] = i

def test_resize2(self):
        # Another dict resizing bug (SF bug #1456209).
        # This caused Segmentation faults or Illegal instructions.

class X(object):
            def __hash__(self):
                return 5
            def __eq__(self, other):
                if resizing:
                    d.clear()
                return False
        d = {}
        resizing = False
        d[X()] = 1
        d[X()] = 2
        d[X()] = 3
        d[X()] = 4
        d[X()] = 5
        # now trigger a resize
        resizing = True
        d[9] = 6

def test_empty_presized_dict_in_freelist(self):
        # Bug #3537: if an empty but presized dict with a size larger
        # than 7 was in the freelist, it triggered an assertion failure
        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
            d = {'a': 1 // 0, 'b': None, 'c': None, 'd': None, 'e': None,
                 'f': None, 'g': None, 'h': None}
        d = {}

def test_container_iterator(self):
        # Bug #3680: tp_traverse was not implemented for dictiter objects
        class C(object):
            pass
        iterators = (dict.iteritems, dict.itervalues, dict.iterkeys)
        for i in iterators:
            obj = C()
            ref = weakref.ref(obj)
            container = {obj: 1}
            obj.x = i(container)
            del obj, container
            gc.collect()
            self.assertIs(ref(), None, "Cycle was not collected")

def _not_tracked(self, t):
        # Nested containers can take several collections to untrack
        gc.collect()
        gc.collect()
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(t), t)

def _tracked(self, t):
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(t), t)
        gc.collect()
        gc.collect()
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(t), t)

@test_support.cpython_only
    def test_track_literals(self):
        # Test GC-optimization of dict literals
        x, y, z, w = 1.5, "a", (1, None), []

self._not_tracked({})
        self._not_tracked({x:(), y:x, z:1})
        self._not_tracked({1: "a", "b": 2})
        self._not_tracked({1: 2, (None, True, False, ()): int})
        self._not_tracked({1: object()})

# Dicts with mutable elements are always tracked, even if those
        # elements are not tracked right now.
        self._tracked({1: []})
        self._tracked({1: ([],)})
        self._tracked({1: {}})
        self._tracked({1: set()})

@test_support.cpython_only
    def test_track_dynamic(self):
        # Test GC-optimization of dynamically-created dicts
        class MyObject(object):
            pass
        x, y, z, w, o = 1.5, "a", (1, object()), [], MyObject()

d = dict()
        self._not_tracked(d)
        d[1] = "a"
        self._not_tracked(d)
        d[y] = 2
        self._not_tracked(d)
        d[z] = 3
        self._not_tracked(d)
        self._not_tracked(d.copy())
        d[4] = w
        self._tracked(d)
        self._tracked(d.copy())
        d[4] = None
        self._not_tracked(d)
        self._not_tracked(d.copy())

# dd isn't tracked right now, but it may mutate and therefore d
        # which contains it must be tracked.
        d = dict()
        dd = dict()
        d[1] = dd
        self._not_tracked(dd)
        self._tracked(d)
        dd[1] = d
        self._tracked(dd)

d = dict.fromkeys([x, y, z])
        self._not_tracked(d)
        dd = dict()
        dd.update(d)
        self._not_tracked(dd)
        d = dict.fromkeys([x, y, z, o])
        self._tracked(d)
        dd = dict()
        dd.update(d)
        self._tracked(dd)

d = dict(x=x, y=y, z=z)
        self._not_tracked(d)
        d = dict(x=x, y=y, z=z, w=w)
        self._tracked(d)
        d = dict()
        d.update(x=x, y=y, z=z)
        self._not_tracked(d)
        d.update(w=w)
        self._tracked(d)

d = dict([(x, y), (z, 1)])
        self._not_tracked(d)
        d = dict([(x, y), (z, w)])
        self._tracked(d)
        d = dict()
        d.update([(x, y), (z, 1)])
        self._not_tracked(d)
        d.update([(x, y), (z, w)])
        self._tracked(d)

@test_support.cpython_only
    def test_track_subtypes(self):
        # Dict subtypes are always tracked
        class MyDict(dict):
            pass
        self._tracked(MyDict())

def test_free_after_iterating(self):
        test_support.check_free_after_iterating(self, iter, dict)
        test_support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: d.iterkeys(), dict)
        test_support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: d.itervalues(), dict)
        test_support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: d.iteritems(), dict)
        test_support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: iter(d.viewkeys()), dict)
        test_support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: iter(d.viewvalues()), dict)
        test_support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: iter(d.viewitems()), dict)

def test_equal_operator_modifying_operand(self):
        # test fix for seg fault reported in issue 27945 part 3.
        class X(object):
            def __del__(self):
                dict_b.clear()

def __eq__(self, other):
                dict_a.clear()
                return True

def __hash__(self):
                return 13

dict_a = {X(): 0}
        dict_b = {X(): X()}
        self.assertTrue(dict_a == dict_b)

def test_fromkeys_operator_modifying_dict_operand(self):
        # test fix for seg fault reported in issue 27945 part 4a.
        class X(int):
            def __hash__(self):
                return 13

def __eq__(self, other):
                if len(d) > 1:
                    d.clear()
                return False

d = {}  # this is required to exist so that d can be constructed!
        d = {X(1): 1, X(2): 2}
        try:
            dict.fromkeys(d)  # shouldn't crash
        except RuntimeError:  # implementation defined
            pass

def test_fromkeys_operator_modifying_set_operand(self):
        # test fix for seg fault reported in issue 27945 part 4b.
        class X(int):
            def __hash__(self):
                return 13

def __eq__(self, other):
                if len(d) > 1:
                    d.clear()
                return False

d = {}  # this is required to exist so that d can be constructed!
        d = {X(1), X(2)}
        try:
            dict.fromkeys(d)  # shouldn't crash
        except RuntimeError:  # implementation defined
            pass

def test_dictitems_contains_use_after_free(self):
        class X(object):
            def __eq__(self, other):
                d.clear()
                return NotImplemented

__hash__ = object.__hash__  # silence Py3k warning

d = {0: set()}
        try:
            (0, X()) in d.iteritems()  # shouldn't crash
        except RuntimeError:  # implementation defined
            pass

def test_init_use_after_free(self):
        class X(object):
            def __hash__(self):
                pair[:] = []
                return 13

pair = [X(), 123]
        dict([pair])

def test_oob_indexing_dictiter_iternextitem(self):
        class X(int):
            def __del__(self):
                d.clear()

d = {i: X(i) for i in range(8)}

def iter_and_mutate():
            for result in d.iteritems():
                if result[0] == 2:
                    d[2] = None # free d[2] --> X(2).__del__ was called

self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, iter_and_mutate)

from test import mapping_tests

class GeneralMappingTests(mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol):
    type2test = dict

class Dict(dict):
    pass

class SubclassMappingTests(mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol):
    type2test = Dict

def test_main():
    with test_support.check_py3k_warnings(
        ('dict(.has_key..| inequality comparisons) not supported in 3.x',
         DeprecationWarning)):
        test_support.run_unittest(
            DictTest,
            GeneralMappingTests,
            SubclassMappingTests,
        )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_main()

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✏️ test_dict.py