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"""Append module search paths for third-party packages to sys.path.

****************************************************************
* This module is automatically imported during initialization. *
****************************************************************

This will append site-specific paths to the module search path.  On
Unix (including Mac OSX), it starts with sys.prefix and
sys.exec_prefix (if different) and appends
lib/python<version>/site-packages.
On other platforms (such as Windows), it tries each of the
prefixes directly, as well as with lib/site-packages appended.  The
resulting directories, if they exist, are appended to sys.path, and
also inspected for path configuration files.

If a file named "pyvenv.cfg" exists one directory above sys.executable,
sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to that directory and
it is also checked for site-packages (sys.base_prefix and
sys.base_exec_prefix will always be the "real" prefixes of the Python
installation). If "pyvenv.cfg" (a bootstrap configuration file) contains
the key "include-system-site-packages" set to anything other than "false"
(case-insensitive), the system-level prefixes will still also be
searched for site-packages; otherwise they won't.

All of the resulting site-specific directories, if they exist, are
appended to sys.path, and also inspected for path configuration
files.

A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form
<package>.pth; its contents are additional directories (one per line)
to be added to sys.path.  Non-existing directories (or
non-directories) are never added to sys.path; no directory is added to
sys.path more than once.  Blank lines and lines beginning with
'#' are skipped. Lines starting with 'import' are executed.

For example, suppose sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to
/usr/local and there is a directory /usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages
with three subdirectories, foo, bar and spam, and two path
configuration files, foo.pth and bar.pth.  Assume foo.pth contains the
following:

# foo package configuration
  foo
  bar
  bletch

and bar.pth contains:

# bar package configuration
  bar

Then the following directories are added to sys.path, in this order:

/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/bar
  /usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/foo

Note that bletch is omitted because it doesn't exist; bar precedes foo
because bar.pth comes alphabetically before foo.pth; and spam is
omitted because it is not mentioned in either path configuration file.

The readline module is also automatically configured to enable
completion for systems that support it.  This can be overridden in
sitecustomize, usercustomize or PYTHONSTARTUP.  Starting Python in
isolated mode (-I) disables automatic readline configuration.

After these operations, an attempt is made to import a module
named sitecustomize, which can perform arbitrary additional
site-specific customizations.  If this import fails with an
ImportError exception, it is silently ignored.
"""

import sys
import os
import builtins
import _sitebuiltins

# Prefixes for site-packages; add additional prefixes like /usr/local here
PREFIXES = [sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix]
# Enable per user site-packages directory
# set it to False to disable the feature or True to force the feature
ENABLE_USER_SITE = None

# for distutils.commands.install
# These values are initialized by the getuserbase() and getusersitepackages()
# functions, through the main() function when Python starts.
USER_SITE = None
USER_BASE = None

def makepath(*paths):
    dir = os.path.join(*paths)
    try:
        dir = os.path.abspath(dir)
    except OSError:
        pass
    return dir, os.path.normcase(dir)

def abs_paths():
    """Set all module __file__ and __cached__ attributes to an absolute path"""
    for m in set(sys.modules.values()):
        if (getattr(getattr(m, '__loader__', None), '__module__', None) not in
                ('_frozen_importlib', '_frozen_importlib_external')):
            continue   # don't mess with a PEP 302-supplied __file__
        try:
            m.__file__ = os.path.abspath(m.__file__)
        except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError):
            pass
        try:
            m.__cached__ = os.path.abspath(m.__cached__)
        except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError):
            pass

def removeduppaths():
    """ Remove duplicate entries from sys.path along with making them
    absolute"""
    # This ensures that the initial path provided by the interpreter contains
    # only absolute pathnames, even if we're running from the build directory.
    L = []
    known_paths = set()
    for dir in sys.path:
        # Filter out duplicate paths (on case-insensitive file systems also
        # if they only differ in case); turn relative paths into absolute
        # paths.
        dir, dircase = makepath(dir)
        if not dircase in known_paths:
            L.append(dir)
            known_paths.add(dircase)
    sys.path[:] = L
    return known_paths

def _init_pathinfo():
    """Return a set containing all existing file system items from sys.path."""
    d = set()
    for item in sys.path:
        try:
            if os.path.exists(item):
                _, itemcase = makepath(item)
                d.add(itemcase)
        except TypeError:
            continue
    return d

def addpackage(sitedir, name, known_paths):
    """Process a .pth file within the site-packages directory:
       For each line in the file, either combine it with sitedir to a path
       and add that to known_paths, or execute it if it starts with 'import '.
    """
    if known_paths is None:
        known_paths = _init_pathinfo()
        reset = True
    else:
        reset = False
    fullname = os.path.join(sitedir, name)
    try:
        f = open(fullname, "r")
    except OSError:
        return
    with f:
        for n, line in enumerate(f):
            if line.startswith("#"):
                continue
            try:
                if line.startswith(("import ", "import\t")):
                    exec(line)
                    continue
                line = line.rstrip()
                dir, dircase = makepath(sitedir, line)
                if not dircase in known_paths and os.path.exists(dir):
                    sys.path.append(dir)
                    known_paths.add(dircase)
            except Exception:
                print("Error processing line {:d} of {}:\n".format(n+1, fullname),
                      file=sys.stderr)
                import traceback
                for record in traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()):
                    for line in record.splitlines():
                        print('  '+line, file=sys.stderr)
                print("\nRemainder of file ignored", file=sys.stderr)
                break
    if reset:
        known_paths = None
    return known_paths

def addsitedir(sitedir, known_paths=None):
    """Add 'sitedir' argument to sys.path if missing and handle .pth files in
    'sitedir'"""
    if known_paths is None:
        known_paths = _init_pathinfo()
        reset = True
    else:
        reset = False
    sitedir, sitedircase = makepath(sitedir)
    if not sitedircase in known_paths:
        sys.path.append(sitedir)        # Add path component
        known_paths.add(sitedircase)
    try:
        names = os.listdir(sitedir)
    except OSError:
        return
    names = [name for name in names if name.endswith(".pth")]
    for name in sorted(names):
        addpackage(sitedir, name, known_paths)
    if reset:
        known_paths = None
    return known_paths

def check_enableusersite():
    """Check if user site directory is safe for inclusion

The function tests for the command line flag (including environment var),
    process uid/gid equal to effective uid/gid.

None: Disabled for security reasons
    False: Disabled by user (command line option)
    True: Safe and enabled
    """
    if sys.flags.no_user_site:
        return False

if hasattr(os, "getuid") and hasattr(os, "geteuid"):
        # check process uid == effective uid
        if os.geteuid() != os.getuid():
            return None
    if hasattr(os, "getgid") and hasattr(os, "getegid"):
        # check process gid == effective gid
        if os.getegid() != os.getgid():
            return None

return True

def getuserbase():
    """Returns the `user base` directory path.

The `user base` directory can be used to store data. If the global
    variable ``USER_BASE`` is not initialized yet, this function will also set
    it.
    """
    global USER_BASE
    if USER_BASE is not None:
        return USER_BASE
    from sysconfig import get_config_var
    USER_BASE = get_config_var('userbase')
    return USER_BASE

def getusersitepackages():
    """Returns the user-specific site-packages directory path.

If the global variable ``USER_SITE`` is not initialized yet, this
    function will also set it.
    """
    global USER_SITE
    user_base = getuserbase() # this will also set USER_BASE

if USER_SITE is not None:
        return USER_SITE

from sysconfig import get_path

if sys.platform == 'darwin':
        from sysconfig import get_config_var
        if get_config_var('PYTHONFRAMEWORK'):
            USER_SITE = get_path('purelib', 'osx_framework_user')
            return USER_SITE

USER_SITE = get_path('purelib', '%s_user' % os.name)
    return USER_SITE

def addusersitepackages(known_paths):
    """Add a per user site-package to sys.path

Each user has its own python directory with site-packages in the
    home directory.
    """
    # get the per user site-package path
    # this call will also make sure USER_BASE and USER_SITE are set
    user_site = getusersitepackages()

if ENABLE_USER_SITE and os.path.isdir(user_site):
        addsitedir(user_site, known_paths)
    return known_paths

def getsitepackages(prefixes=None):
    """Returns a list containing all global site-packages directories.

For each directory present in ``prefixes`` (or the global ``PREFIXES``),
    this function will find its `site-packages` subdirectory depending on the
    system environment, and will return a list of full paths.
    """
    sitepackages = []
    seen = set()

if prefixes is None:
        prefixes = PREFIXES

for prefix in prefixes:
        if not prefix or prefix in seen:
            continue
        seen.add(prefix)

if os.sep == '/':
            sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib64",
                                        "python" + sys.version[:3],
                                        "site-packages"))
            sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib",
                                        "python%d.%d" % sys.version_info[:2],
                                        "site-packages"))
        else:
            sitepackages.append(prefix)
            sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib64", "site-packages"))
            sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib", "site-packages"))
        if sys.platform == "darwin":
            # for framework builds *only* we add the standard Apple
            # locations.
            from sysconfig import get_config_var
            framework = get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK")
            if framework:
                sitepackages.append(
                        os.path.join("/Library", framework,
                            '%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2], "site-packages"))
    return sitepackages

def addsitepackages(known_paths, prefixes=None):
    """Add site-packages to sys.path

'/usr/local' is included in PREFIXES if RPM build is not detected
    to make packages installed into this location visible.

"""
    if ENABLE_USER_SITE and 'RPM_BUILD_ROOT' not in os.environ:
        PREFIXES.insert(0, "/usr/local")
    for sitedir in getsitepackages(prefixes):
        if os.path.isdir(sitedir):
            addsitedir(sitedir, known_paths)

return known_paths

def setquit():
    """Define new builtins 'quit' and 'exit'.

These are objects which make the interpreter exit when called.
    The repr of each object contains a hint at how it works.

"""
    if os.sep == '\\':
        eof = 'Ctrl-Z plus Return'
    else:
        eof = 'Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF)'

builtins.quit = _sitebuiltins.Quitter('quit', eof)
    builtins.exit = _sitebuiltins.Quitter('exit', eof)

def setcopyright():
    """Set 'copyright' and 'credits' in builtins"""
    builtins.copyright = _sitebuiltins._Printer("copyright", sys.copyright)
    if sys.platform[:4] == 'java':
        builtins.credits = _sitebuiltins._Printer(
            "credits",
            "Jython is maintained by the Jython developers (www.jython.org).")
    else:
        builtins.credits = _sitebuiltins._Printer("credits", """\
    Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corporation and a cast of thousands
    for supporting Python development.  See www.python.org for more information.""")
    files, dirs = [], []
    # Not all modules are required to have a __file__ attribute.  See
    # PEP 420 for more details.
    if hasattr(os, '__file__'):
        here = os.path.dirname(os.__file__)
        files.extend(["LICENSE.txt", "LICENSE"])
        dirs.extend([os.path.join(here, os.pardir), here, os.curdir])
    builtins.license = _sitebuiltins._Printer(
        "license",
        "See https://www.python.org/psf/license/",
        files, dirs)

def sethelper():
    builtins.help = _sitebuiltins._Helper()

def enablerlcompleter():
    """Enable default readline configuration on interactive prompts, by
    registering a sys.__interactivehook__.

If the readline module can be imported, the hook will set the Tab key
    as completion key and register ~/.python_history as history file.
    This can be overridden in the sitecustomize or usercustomize module,
    or in a PYTHONSTARTUP file.
    """
    def register_readline():
        import atexit
        try:
            import readline
            import rlcompleter
        except ImportError:
            return

# Reading the initialization (config) file may not be enough to set a
        # completion key, so we set one first and then read the file.
        readline_doc = getattr(readline, '__doc__', '')
        if readline_doc is not None and 'libedit' in readline_doc:
            readline.parse_and_bind('bind ^I rl_complete')
        else:
            readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')

try:
            readline.read_init_file()
        except OSError:
            # An OSError here could have many causes, but the most likely one
            # is that there's no .inputrc file (or .editrc file in the case of
            # Mac OS X + libedit) in the expected location.  In that case, we
            # want to ignore the exception.
            pass

if readline.get_current_history_length() == 0:
            # If no history was loaded, default to .python_history.
            # The guard is necessary to avoid doubling history size at
            # each interpreter exit when readline was already configured
            # through a PYTHONSTARTUP hook, see:
            # http://bugs.python.org/issue5845#msg198636
            history = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'),
                                   '.python_history')
            try:
                readline.read_history_file(history)
            except IOError:
                pass

def write_history():
                try:
                    readline.write_history_file(history)
                except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError):
                    # home directory does not exist or is not writable
                    # https://bugs.python.org/issue19891
                    pass

atexit.register(write_history)

sys.__interactivehook__ = register_readline

def venv(known_paths):
    global PREFIXES, ENABLE_USER_SITE

env = os.environ
    if sys.platform == 'darwin' and '__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__' in env:
        executable = os.environ['__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__']
    else:
        executable = sys.executable
    exe_dir, _ = os.path.split(os.path.abspath(executable))
    site_prefix = os.path.dirname(exe_dir)
    sys._home = None
    conf_basename = 'pyvenv.cfg'
    candidate_confs = [
        conffile for conffile in (
            os.path.join(exe_dir, conf_basename),
            os.path.join(site_prefix, conf_basename)
            )
        if os.path.isfile(conffile)
        ]

if candidate_confs:
        virtual_conf = candidate_confs[0]
        system_site = "true"
        # Issue 25185: Use UTF-8, as that's what the venv module uses when
        # writing the file.
        with open(virtual_conf, encoding='utf-8') as f:
            for line in f:
                if '=' in line:
                    key, _, value = line.partition('=')
                    key = key.strip().lower()
                    value = value.strip()
                    if key == 'include-system-site-packages':
                        system_site = value.lower()
                    elif key == 'home':
                        sys._home = value

sys.prefix = sys.exec_prefix = site_prefix

# Doing this here ensures venv takes precedence over user-site
        addsitepackages(known_paths, [sys.prefix])

# addsitepackages will process site_prefix again if its in PREFIXES,
        # but that's ok; known_paths will prevent anything being added twice
        if system_site == "true":
            PREFIXES.insert(0, sys.prefix)
        else:
            PREFIXES = [sys.prefix]
            ENABLE_USER_SITE = False

return known_paths

def execsitecustomize():
    """Run custom site specific code, if available."""
    try:
        try:
            import sitecustomize
        except ImportError as exc:
            if exc.name == 'sitecustomize':
                pass
            else:
                raise
    except Exception as err:
        if sys.flags.verbose:
            sys.excepthook(*sys.exc_info())
        else:
            sys.stderr.write(
                "Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback:\n"
                "%s: %s\n" %
                (err.__class__.__name__, err))

def execusercustomize():
    """Run custom user specific code, if available."""
    try:
        try:
            import usercustomize
        except ImportError as exc:
            if exc.name == 'usercustomize':
                pass
            else:
                raise
    except Exception as err:
        if sys.flags.verbose:
            sys.excepthook(*sys.exc_info())
        else:
            sys.stderr.write(
                "Error in usercustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback:\n"
                "%s: %s\n" %
                (err.__class__.__name__, err))

def main():
    """Add standard site-specific directories to the module search path.

This function is called automatically when this module is imported,
    unless the python interpreter was started with the -S flag.
    """
    global ENABLE_USER_SITE

abs_paths()
    known_paths = removeduppaths()
    known_paths = venv(known_paths)
    if ENABLE_USER_SITE is None:
        ENABLE_USER_SITE = check_enableusersite()
    known_paths = addusersitepackages(known_paths)
    known_paths = addsitepackages(known_paths)
    setquit()
    setcopyright()
    sethelper()
    if not sys.flags.isolated:
        enablerlcompleter()
    execsitecustomize()
    if ENABLE_USER_SITE:
        execusercustomize()

# Prevent extending of sys.path when python was started with -S and
# site is imported later.
if not sys.flags.no_site:
    main()

def _script():
    help = """\
    %s [--user-base] [--user-site]

Without arguments print some useful information
    With arguments print the value of USER_BASE and/or USER_SITE separated
    by '%s'.

Exit codes with --user-base or --user-site:
      0 - user site directory is enabled
      1 - user site directory is disabled by user
      2 - uses site directory is disabled by super user
          or for security reasons
     >2 - unknown error
    """
    args = sys.argv[1:]
    if not args:
        user_base = getuserbase()
        user_site = getusersitepackages()
        print("sys.path = [")
        for dir in sys.path:
            print("    %r," % (dir,))
        print("]")
        print("USER_BASE: %r (%s)" % (user_base,
            "exists" if os.path.isdir(user_base) else "doesn't exist"))
        print("USER_SITE: %r (%s)" % (user_site,
            "exists" if os.path.isdir(user_site) else "doesn't exist"))
        print("ENABLE_USER_SITE: %r" %  ENABLE_USER_SITE)
        sys.exit(0)

buffer = []
    if '--user-base' in args:
        buffer.append(USER_BASE)
    if '--user-site' in args:
        buffer.append(USER_SITE)

if buffer:
        print(os.pathsep.join(buffer))
        if ENABLE_USER_SITE:
            sys.exit(0)
        elif ENABLE_USER_SITE is False:
            sys.exit(1)
        elif ENABLE_USER_SITE is None:
            sys.exit(2)
        else:
            sys.exit(3)
    else:
        import textwrap
        print(textwrap.dedent(help % (sys.argv[0], os.pathsep)))
        sys.exit(10)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    _script()

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✏️ site.py